{"id":553,"date":"2021-02-04T00:04:34","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T18:34:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/?p=553"},"modified":"2021-02-04T00:04:41","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T18:34:41","slug":"fast-cpp-template-using-macros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/fast-cpp-template-using-macros\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ Competitive Programming : Fast C++ Template using Macros"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Hello coderz, Welcome to CodingBroz where you learn new tips and tricks about Competitive Programming in C++ and many more programming related stuffs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today I am going to give you some awesome tips and tricks of competitive programming and tell you about C++ macros so that you can use them effectively and get an amazing edge over your competitive programming in C++ journey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1167\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fast-c-template-using-macros-codingbroz.png\" alt=\"C++ Competitive Programming : Fast C++ Template using Macros\" class=\"wp-image-555\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fast-c-template-using-macros-codingbroz.png 1167w, https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fast-c-template-using-macros-codingbroz-768x444.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1167px) 100vw, 1167px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6636280edebf4\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><label class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/label>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0090ff;color:#0090ff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0090ff;color:#0090ff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6636280edebf4\" checked \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/fast-cpp-template-using-macros\/#What_are_MACROS\" title=\"What are MACROS ?\">What are MACROS ?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/fast-cpp-template-using-macros\/#Macros_with_parameters\" title=\"Macros with parameters\">Macros with parameters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/fast-cpp-template-using-macros\/#Using_C_macros_as_functions\" title=\"Using C++ macros as functions\">Using C++ macros as functions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/fast-cpp-template-using-macros\/#Using_Type_names_in_C\" title=\"Using Type names in C++\">Using Type names in C++<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/fast-cpp-template-using-macros\/#C_Competitive_Programming_Templates\" title=\"C++ Competitive Programming Templates\">C++ Competitive Programming Templates<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_MACROS\"><\/span><strong>What are MACROS ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Preprocessors <\/strong>are programs that process the source before compilation and <strong>macros <\/strong>are a type of preprocessor directives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macros are basically simple pieces of code in a program which is given a name and whenever the name is encountered by the compiler the compiler replaces the name with the actual piece of code it is representing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We use <strong>\u201c#define\u201d <\/strong>directive to define a macro. Let\u2019s understand with an example of code :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"cpp\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">#include &lt;bits\/stdc++.h>\n#define MAX 10 \/\/ Here we are defining a macro\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    for(int i=0 ; i &lt; MAX ; i++){\n\tCout &lt;&lt;  i  &lt;&lt; \u201c\\n\u201d ;\n  }\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Output :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above program, when the compiler executes the word MAX it just replaces it with an integer value 10. The word \u201cMAX\u201d is called macro template and the explanation i.e \u201c10\u201d&nbsp; is known as macro explanation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note : <\/strong>Do not use ; (semi-colons) while defining macros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Competitive programming, choosing C++ as a programming language gives us an edge as we can use the power of macros in C++.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is highly recommended that you should always use macros in Competitive programming contests to save your efforts and most importantly time, which is very very important during any competitive programming contest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Macros_with_parameters\"><\/span><strong>Macros with parameters<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s see how you can use macros as a function or using macros with parameters.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By using this method you can predefine many commonly used methods in a macro and use it during a competitive programming contest to save time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lets see with the help of a code :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"cpp\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">#include &lt;bits\/stdc++.h>\n#define area(l,b) l*b \nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);\n    cin.tie(NULL);\n    cout &lt;&lt; area(10,5) ;\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above program we are using macros with parameters. Whenever the compiler finds the<strong> area(l,b) <\/strong>in the program it replaces it by <strong>l*b <\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, whenever parameters is passed in the macro template area(l,b), it will be replaced by the statement l*b. So, when <strong>area(4,5)<\/strong> is encountered by the compiler it replaces and treats the line as <strong>4*5<\/strong> and then gives the result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Using_C_macros_as_functions\"><\/span><strong>Using C++ macros as functions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also define macros to replace it with a function to save your time during competitive programming contests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lets see with example :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This a macro template for replacing a FOR LOOP :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>#define REP(i,a,b)&nbsp; for(int i=a ; i&lt;b ; i++)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using this above code we can replace the <strong>for(int i=a ; i&lt;b ; i++)<\/strong> using <strong>REP(i,a,b)<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Example &#8211;\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"cpp\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">for(int i=1 ; i&lt;n ; i++) cout &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; \u2018\\n\u2019 ;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This above code can be easily replaced with ,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"cpp\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">REP(i,1,n) cout &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; \u2018\\n\u2019 ;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>So, By this way you can use macros in competitive programming using C++.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Extra Tip#1 : <\/strong>The 2 lines of code :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cin.tie(NULL);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are used for Fast I\/O or Fast Input\/Output. With the help of this you can optimise your input and output time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To know more about <strong>fast I\/O methods, <\/strong>you can read our article on fast input output techniques.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also Read:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/cpp-competitive-programming-fast-input-output\/\" class=\"rank-math-link\">C++ Competitive Programming : Fast I\/O<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Using_Type_names_in_C\"><\/span><strong>Using Type names in C++<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Another method to save your time during competitive programming is by using <strong><em>typedef <\/em><\/strong>command. Using this you can often define shorter names for data types and other parts of code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example : Using the data type <strong><em>long long int<\/em><\/strong> is time taking as it is too long in size, instead we can replace it with <strong><em>LL\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>to save time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">typedef  long long int  LL; <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the above line, instead of writing :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">long long int a = 10;\nlong long int b = 20;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>We can use,\u00a0 <strong>LL a = 10;<\/strong> <strong>LL b = 20;\u00a0 <\/strong>and this will save your time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Competitive_Programming_Templates\"><\/span><strong>C++ Competitive Programming Templates<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the help of macros and typedef you can become more effective in Competitive programming. C++ gives you this edge in every contest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, is the template you can use or with reference to this you can design your own template :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"cpp\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">#include &lt;bits\/stdc++.h>\nusing namespace std;\n\ntypedef long long LL; \ntypedef pair&lt;int, int> pii; \ntypedef pair&lt;LL, LL> pll; \ntypedef pair&lt;string, string> pss; \ntypedef vector&lt;int> vi; \ntypedef vector&lt;vi> vvi; \ntypedef vector&lt;pii> vii; \ntypedef vector&lt;LL> vl; \ntypedef vector&lt;vl> vvl; \n\n#define FOR(a, b, c) for (int(a) = (b); (a) &lt; (c); ++(a)) \n#define FORN(a, b, c) for (int(a) = (b); (a) &lt;= (c); ++(a)) \n#define FORD(a, b, c) for (int(a) = (b); (a) >= (c); --(a)) \n#define FORSQ(a, b, c) for (int(a) = (b); (a) * (a) &lt;= (c); ++(a)) \n#define FORC(a, b, c) for (char(a) = (b); (a) &lt;= (c); ++(a)) \n#define FOREACH(a, b) for (auto&amp;(a) : (b)) \n#define REP(i, n) FOR(i, 0, n) \n#define REPN(i, n) FORN(i, 1, n) \n#define MAX(a, b) a = max(a, b) \n#define MIN(a, b) a = min(a, b) \n#define SQR(x) ((LL)(x) * (x)) \n#define RESET(a, b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a)) \n#define fi first \n#define se second \n#define mp make_pair \n#define pb push_back \n#define ALL(v) v.begin(), v.end() \n#define ALLA(arr, sz) arr, arr + sz \n#define SIZE(v) (int)v.size() \n#define SORT(v) sort(ALL(v)) \n#define REVERSE(v) reverse(ALL(v)) \n#define SORTA(arr, sz) sort(ALLA(arr, sz)) \n#define REVERSEA(arr, sz) reverse(ALLA(arr, sz)) \n#define PERMUTE next_permutation \n#define TC(t) while (t--) \n\nint main()\n{\n    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);\n    cin.tie(NULL);\n    int t;\n    TC(cin >> t){\n\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hello coderz, Welcome to CodingBroz where you learn new tips and tricks about Competitive Programming in C++ and many more programming related stuffs. Today I am going to give you some awesome tips and tricks of competitive programming and tell you about C++ macros so that you can use them effectively and get an amazing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[22,89,90],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fast-c-template-using-macros-codingbroz.png","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=553"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":556,"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553\/revisions\/556"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.codingbroz.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}