In this post, we will learn how to find all square roots of a quadratic equation using C++ Programming language. Let’s learn about quadratic equations and their roots.
A quadratic equation can be expressed as ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are constants and a != 0.
To calculate the roots of a quadratic equation, we use the following formula:
- First Root = (-b + (d)½) / 2a
- Second Root = (-b – (d)½) / 2a
Where, d is the discriminant such that d = b2 – 4ac.
We will use these formulas in this program to find the square roots of the quadratic equation.
So, without further ado, let’s begin this tutorial.
C++ Program to Find all Square Roots of a Quadratic Equation
// C++ Program to Find all Square Roots of a Quadratic Equation
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){
float a, b, c, d, root1, root2, real, img;
// Asking for input
cout << "Enter the coefficients of a, b and c: ";
cin >> a >> b >> c;
// Calculating determinant
d = b * b - 4 * a * c;
// Calculating the roots
if (d > 0){
root1 = (-b + sqrt(d)) / (2 * a);
root2 = (-b - sqrt(d)) / (2 * a);
cout << "Roots of the quadratic equation are real and different: " << endl;
cout << "First Root: " << root1 << endl;
cout << "Second Root: " << root2 << endl;
}
else if (d == 0){
root1 = root2 = -b / (2 * a);
cout << "Roots of the quadratic equation are real and same: " << endl;
cout << "First Root: " << root1 << endl;
cout << "Second Root: " << root2 << endl;
}
else {
real = -b / (2 * a);
img = sqrt(-d) / (2 * a);
cout << "Roots are different and imaginary: " << endl;
cout << "x1 = " << real << "+" << img << "i" << endl;
cout << "x2 = " << real << "-" << img << "i" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter the coefficients of a, b and c: 1 5 6
Roots of the quadratic equation are real and different:
First Root: -2
Second Root: -3
How Does This Program Work ?
float a, b, c, d, root1, root2, real, img;
In this program, we have declared eight floating data type variables named a, b, c, d, root1, root2, real and img.
// Asking for input
cout << "Enter the coefficients of a, b and c: ";
cin >> a >> b >> c;
Now, the user is asked to enter the coefficients of the quadratic equation.
// Calculating determinant
d = b * b - 4 * a * c;
Discriminant is calculated using the formula d = b2 – 4ac.
// Calculating the roots
if (d > 0){
root1 = (-b + sqrt(d)) / (2 * a);
root2 = (-b - sqrt(d)) / (2 * a);
cout << "Roots of the quadratic equation are real and different: " << endl;
cout << "First Root: " << root1 << endl;
cout << "Second Root: " << root2 << endl;
}
Now, we check whether d > 0, d = 0 or d < 0.
If d > 0, then the roots are different and real. Its real roots are calculated using the formula,
- First Root = (-b + (d)½) / 2a
- Second Root = (-b – (d)½) / 2a
else if (d == 0){
root1 = root2 = -b / (2 * a);
cout << "Roots of the quadratic equation are real and same: " << endl;
cout << "First Root: " << root1 << endl;
cout << "Second Root: " << root2 << endl;
}
If d = 0, then it’s roots are real and equal. The equal roots are calculated using the formula:
- First Root = Second Root = -b / 2a
else {
real = -b / (2 * a);
img = sqrt(-d) / (2 * a);
cout << "Roots are different and imaginary: " << endl;
cout << "x1 = " << real << "+" << img << "i" << endl;
cout << "x2 = " << real << "-" << img << "i" << endl;
}
And if d < 0, then its roots are different and complex. And, the formula to calculate the roots are:
- First Root = (-b/2a) + [i(-d)½ / 2a]
- Second Root = (-b/2a) – [i(-d)½ / 2a]
Conclusion
I hope after going through this post, you understand how to find all square roots of a quadratic equation using C++ Programming language.
If you have any doubt regarding the program, then contact us in the comment section. We will be delighted to assist you.
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